追踪谁应该为气温升高和海平面上升负责

Rachel Licker, Brenda Ekwurzel, Peter Frumhoff

Published Aug 17, 2017 Updated Mar 5, 2020

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根据化石燃料公司及其行业协会何时知道其产品造成危害的新证据更新. Also updates fact sheet.

The impacts of global warming are here and they are costly. Sea level rise floods towns and erodes shorelines. 频繁而强烈的热浪威胁着我们工人的健康,破坏我们的基础设施. 极端天气毁坏了我们的庄稼,腐蚀了商业、工厂和家园. In New York City alone, officials estimate that it will cost $19.5 billion dollars to prepare the city for sea level rise. And globally, climate adaptation costs are staggering.

Will top fossil fuel producers help shoulder the costs? They should.

As early as 1965, investor-owned fossil fuel companies knew their business was risky使用他们的产品会释放大量危险的二氧化碳和甲烷,从而破坏我们的617888九五至尊娱乐稳定.

These companies could have taken steps to reduce the risks. Instead, they chose to misinform the public and their investors, 阻止限制碳排放的行动,一切照常进行.

But, 我们现在有617888九五至尊娱乐来确定与化石产品相关的排放对全球气温上升和海平面上升有多大贡献.

A peer-reviewed study, authored by Brenda Ekwurzel, James Boneham, Mike Dalton, Rick Heede, Roberto Mera, Myles Allen and Peter Frumhoff and published in Climatic Change, 分析和量化每家公司在1880年至2010年和1980年至2010年两个时间段内的二氧化碳和甲烷排放对617888九五至尊娱乐变化的影响.

Findings

Emissions traced to the largest 90 carbon producers contributed:

  • 自1880年以来观测到的大气二氧化碳上升的57%
  • 自1880年以来,全球平均气温上升了近50%
  • About 30% of global sea level rise relative to 1880 levels

Emissions traced to 50 investor-owned carbon producers包括英国石油公司、雪佛龙公司、康菲石油公司、埃克森美孚公司、皮博迪公司、壳牌公司和道达尔公司,负责:

  • 从1880年到2010年,全球平均气温上升了大约16%,
  • 在同一时间段内,全球海平面上升了大约11%.

Emissions traced to the same 50 companies from 1980 to 2010, 那时,化石燃料公司意识到他们的产品正在导致全球变暖, contributed:

  • 大约10%的全球平均气温上升
  • And about 4 percent sea level rise since 1980.

Building a case for responsibility

The study builds on landmark research published in 2014 by Richard Heede, of the Climate Accountability Institute. Heede最初的研究量化了90家最大的碳生产商燃烧产品所产生的二氧化碳和甲烷排放量.

Ekwurzel和她的合著者在一个617888九五至尊娱乐模型中使用了Heede关于公司排放的数据,该模型捕捉了这些排放如何被纳入地球的碳循环.

该研究使用了90个碳生产国的排放数据, 一个成熟的617888九五至尊娱乐模型,它捕捉到二氧化碳和甲烷如何排放到地球大气中导致热量被捕获,并导致全球表面温度和海平面上升. Using this model, 他们能够量化包括或排除不同的自然和人类对617888九五至尊娱乐变化的贡献的结果,包括归因于这些617888九五至尊娱乐的排放的非常具体的贡献.

Citation

Licker, Rachel, Brenda Ekwurzel, Jean Sideris, Peter Frumhoff. 2020. 追踪谁应该为气温升高和海平面上升负责. Cambridge, MA: Union of Concerned Scientists. http://orcak8.shadleysoapstone.com/resources/tracing-whos-responsible-temperature-increase-and-sea-level-rise

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